STORY AT-A-GLANCE
- “Sugar Crash,” a documentary, details the havoc that excess sugar consumption is causing for the people of Ireland, a country that ranks No. 4 in sugar consumption worldwide
- On average, the Irish are consuming 24 teaspoons of sugar per person daily, compared to 31.6 teaspoons daily in the U.S, the No. 1 consumers of sugar globally
- The World Health Organization recommends limiting sugar consumption to 6 teaspoons a day to protect your health
- “Sugar Crash” documents the story of one family, including a couple in their 40s who aren’t overweight but admit to eating sugary treats on a regular basis
- They have no outward indications of health problems, but MRI scans revealed they both had fat around their abdominal organs (visceral fat), which is linked to an increased risk of diseases like heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and stroke, along with imbalanced cholesterol; they cut down their sugar intake significantly and were able to reduce their visceral fat and improve their cholesterol
Editor's Note: This article is a reprint. It was originally published August 4, 2018.
"Sugar Crash," a documentary, details the havoc that excess sugar consumption is causing for the people of Ireland, a country that ranks No. 4 in sugar consumption worldwide. On average, the Irish are consuming 24 teaspoons of sugar per person daily, whereas the World Health Organization recommends limiting it to 6 teaspoons a day to protect your health.1
For comparison, in the U.S, the No. 1 consumers of sugar worldwide, the average American consumes 31.6 teaspoons of sugar each day. The start of the film details the perils of tooth decay, with children just 4 and 6 years old requiring numerous tooth extractions.
Sugar was blamed as the definite culprit, starting from the time the children are infants chewing on sugar-laced teething biscuits into later childhood when sugary juices became the drink of choice. There are more than 50 different names to describe sugar on food labels, which means if you're trying to remove it from your diet, you'd better become well-versed in the many pseudonyms.
Even savory foods like pizza and pasta sauce have added sugars, as do popular condiments like ketchup and salad dressings. Sugary drinks alone can contain 10 or 11 teaspoons of sugar in one can, which puts you well over the recommended limit for the day. While the documentary focuses on Ireland's sugar habit, it's one that's shared through much of the developed world, with devastating repercussions on global health.
How Did so Much Sugar Creep Into Our Diets?
Ireland was the thinnest country in Europe after World War II, and the increasing weight that occurred during the '50s and '60s was seen as a good thing. However, average weight caught up with the rest of Europe by the '70s and continued rising, such that Ireland is slated to become the fattest country in Europe by 2030.
Expanding waistlines are again blamed largely on diet. As occurred in the U.S., food manufacturers and health agencies alike began to vilify fat, removing it from foods starting in the '70s.
Without fat to make food taste good, food manufacturers turned to other less-healthy additives, namely processed salt and sugar. Dr. Robert Lustig, professor of pediatric endocrinology at the University of California in San Francisco (USCF), explained that sugar was added in such a way that it made the food irresistible. If you find it difficult to stop eating sugary foods, or find that the more you eat them, the more you want them, it's because sugar is addictive.
Sugar stimulates the release of dopamine, a neurotransmitter that plays a role in many important pathways, most notably the mesolimbic pathway.2 The way dopamine affects your brain in this area changes with addiction and spikes your perception of motivation or pleasure.
In fact, evidence in humans shows that sugar can induce reward responses and cravings that are comparable to those induced by addictive drugs, which may "explain why many people can have difficultly … [controlling] the consumption of foods high in sugar when continuously exposed to them."3
Even if You're 'Healthy,' Sugar Can Devastate Your Body
Sugar makes you pack on excess pounds and prevents your body from burning body fat. It's been implicated as a foundational cause of obesity as well, but even if you're not overweight, it's very possible that sugar is damaging your health. "Sugar Crash" documents the story of one family, including a couple in their 40s who aren't overweight but admit to eating sugary treats on a regular basis.
They have no outward indications of health problems, but MRI scans revealed they both had fat around their abdominal organs (visceral fat), which is linked to an increased risk of diseases like heart disease, Type 2 diabetes and stroke, along with imbalanced cholesterol.
They cut down their sugar intake significantly and were able to reduce their visceral fat and improve their cholesterol, as shown later on in the film. Sugar Crash also features an interview with documentary filmmaker Damon Gameau, from "That Sugar Film," who conducted an experiment during which he went from eating a low-sugar diet to consuming about 40 teaspoons of sugar a day.
What makes the experiment even more surprising is that he got to 40 teaspoons not by feasting on candy and soda but by eating supposedly "healthy" foods like energy drinks, fruit juice, cereal and yogurt. After 12 days of ramping up his sugar intake, Gameau had gained almost 7 pounds, the majority of which went straight to his abdomen.
In a month of eating 40 teaspoons of sugar per day, he added 2.75 inches (7 centimeters) to his waistline. Beyond weight gain, Gameau began displaying signs of fatty liver disease within three weeks. "By the end, I'd developed pre-Type 2 diabetes, I had heart disease, I had 11 centimeters of visceral fat. But the big one was, the nonalcoholic fatty liver disease was almost in a full-blown state," said Gameau in a news article highlighting his film.4
What Excess Sugar Does to Your Liver
Researchers have known since the 1960s that your body metabolizes different types of carbohydrates, like glucose and fructose, in different ways, causing very different hormonal and physiological responses that absolutely may influence fat accumulation and metabolism.5 Unlike glucose, which can be used by virtually every cell in your body, fructose can only be metabolized by your liver, because your liver is the only organ that has the transporter for it.
Since all fructose gets shuttled to your liver, it ends up taxing and damaging your liver in the same way alcohol and other toxins do, particularly if you consume excess amounts of it. In fact, fructose is virtually identical to alcohol with regard to the metabolic havoc it wreaks. According to Lustig, fructose is a "chronic, dose-dependent liver toxin." And just like alcohol, fructose is metabolized directly into fat — not cellular energy, like glucose.
His findings were published in the Journal of the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics, where he explained the three similarities between fructose and its fermentation byproduct, ethanol (alcohol):6
- Your liver's metabolism of fructose is similar to alcohol, as they both serve as substrates for converting dietary carbohydrate into fat, which promotes insulin resistance, dyslipidemia (abnormal fat levels in the bloodstream) and fatty liver
- Fructose undergoes the Maillard reaction with proteins, leading to the formation of superoxide free radicals that can result in liver inflammation similar to acetaldehyde, an intermediary metabolite of ethanol
- By "stimulating the 'hedonic pathway' of the brain both directly and indirectly," Lustig noted, "fructose creates habituation, and possibly dependence; also paralleling ethanol"
"We keep alcohol out of the hands of children, but we don't think twice about giving them a glass of soda or orange juice," Lustig says in the film. "Children are getting the diseases of alcohol without alcohol, because sugar is the alcohol of the child." While childhood obesity is a growing problem, it's also true that lean children who eat a high-sugar diet may be metabolically unhealthy, even though it's not obvious from looking at them.
On a global scale, massive sugar addiction is responsible for not only obesity and diabetes, but also heart damage and heart failure, cancer, neurodegenerative disorders like Alzheimer's disease, hypertension, stroke and shorter lifespans.
Big Sugar Similarities to the Tobacco Industry
U.S. Dietary Guidelines only recommend limiting calories from added sugars to no more than 10% each day, or 12 teaspoons, for a 2,000-calorie diet. Most Americans eat far more, but why wouldn't U.S. Dietary Guidelines, which are intended to protect public health, recommend a far lower amount? In fact, the Dietary Guidelines Advisory Committee (DGAC) did recommend that Americans reduce their intake of sugar-sweetened foods and beverages.
However, this was followed by a flurry of activity from sugar industry groups who, using tobacco-industry tactics, attempted to sway the dietary debate in their favor. It's common knowledge that senior leaders in the food industry seek to influence science, politics and public health recommendations in their favor. Several tactics were revealed, according to a Critical Public Health report, including:7
- Influence on evidence generation and summation, such as the food industry generating its own evidence by directly commissioning the work and using external organizations to do so
- Highlighting the limitations of non-industry sponsored research to raise doubts in science
- Exerting influence over scientific bodies and medical associations by seeking key leadership roles in such organizations and using their positions to direct debate and discussions in their favor
- Using academic contacts to guide global debate and advocating "broad-based collaboration with government and key opinion leaders, and involvement in nutrition-related government reviews of the evidence base"
American taxpayers have contributed hundreds of millions of dollars to sugar subsidies,8 which is why the Sugar Policy Modernization Act is seeking to eliminate all direct and indirect subsidies that benefit the production or export of sugar.
The bill has yet to be passed, and many members of Congress receive hundreds of thousands of dollars from the sugar industry, so it's unknown whether the subsidies, which occur in the form of "loans, price guarantees, import restrictions and government promises to buy surplus product,"9 will ever fully disappear. In the film, it's even suggested that labeling similar to that required on tobacco products may be necessary to help people understand the health risks of excess sugar.
Remember Excess Omega-6 Fat Is Far More Harmful Than Sugar
While much attention has been focused on excess sugar as a contributor to chronic disease, review of the data makes it clear that sugar is a relatively minor contributor to disease when compared to excess omega-6 fat like linoleic acid (LA). The more than tenfold increase in LA over the last 150 years is the primary contributor to cancer, heart disease, obesity, diabetes, and dementia.
As an example, if you look at seed oils and sugar consumption in China, between 1961 and 2018 seed oil consumption has increased from a very low 3.3g/day in 1961 to 23g/day in 2018, which is a seven-fold increase in seed oils during this time. During that time China's sugar consumption was and remains among the lowest in the world, at just 5.5g/day in 1961, rising slightly but still remaining extremely low at just 19.5g/day in 2018.
China has a shocking low intake of sugar, in fact data from the Food and Agriculture Organization out of 169 countries for which the data exists, only seven countries have less sugar consumption per capita than China. Yet it still has an explosion in all chronic degenerative that correlates with seed oil use, not sugar use.
If we look back to the year 1900, 99% of the added fats in the human diet were animal fats, mostly lard, butter, and beef tallow. But by 2005, 86% of added fats were seed oils, which are biological poisons, and just like any toxin, the more one consumes, the greater the damage done.
Could it be that low sugar and low carbohydrate diets works, not primarily because they’re eliminating sugar and ‘carbs,’ but because they’re simultaneously eliminating a stealth fat that lurks within processed foods and most carbohydrate rich foods everywhere?
How Can You Reduce Sugar in Your Diet?
Cutting back on sugar isn't as simple as skipping dessert or a morning doughnut, because added sugars are found in virtually every processed food at your grocery store. In addition to ingredients that contain the word "sugar," such as beet sugar or date sugar, you'll know a food contains added sugars if you spot any of these on the label:10
Blackstrap molasses | Buttered syrup | Cane juice crystals | Evaporated cane juice |
Caramel | Carob syrup | Fruit juice | Honey |
Fruit juice concentrate | Brown rice syrup | Corn syrup solids | Florida crystals |
Golden syrup | Maple syrup | Molasses | Refiner's syrup |
Sorghum syrup | Sucanat | Treacle | Turbinado |
Barley malt | Corn syrup | Dextrin | Dextrose |
Diastatic malt | Ethyl maltol | Glucose | Glucose solids |
Lactose | Malt syrup | Maltose | D-ribose |
Rice syrup | Galactose | Maltodextrin | Castor |
The film recommends looking for "reduced sugar" foods, but in reality the best way to avoid sugar is to eat real foods. Following a high-fat, low-carb, moderate-protein diet like the one described in "Fat for Fuel" is an excellent guide, which will help you reduce not only your fructose intake but also your net carbs.
Sugar is metabolized as a carbohydrate in your body, spiking your blood sugar and insulin levels. Your net carbs are calculated by taking the total grams of carbs and subtracting the total grams of fiber. By keeping your net carbs below 100 grams per day, and for a healthier diet as low as 50 grams per day, you will reduce your cravings for sweets.
Eating healthy fats like grass fed butter, avocados and coconut oil, will keep you satisfied to help you avoid the urge to binge on sweets. Fermented foods are another great dietary addition, as the sour taste squelches sugar cravings.
For processed foods you do purchase, scour the label for ingredients that represent sugar to evaluate the total amount. Remember that the less sugar you eat, the less you'll crave. Avoid swapping sugar for artificial sweeteners like aspartame, which are toxic in their own right.
On occasion, you can try stevia, an herbal sweetener I use in my recipes, as a sugar alternative. Finally, if you're finding it difficult to overcome an emotional addiction to sugar, the Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) is another great option, which has been shown to significantly reduce food cravings and increased peoples' ability to show restraint — even after six months.11
If necessary, start slowly by removing some of the biggest high-sugar offenders from your diet then gradually cutting back from there. And remember, the more you cut back on added sugars, the better for your health.
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